The primary treatment is the instilation of artificial tears at variable intervals depending upon the severity of the dry eye. Artificial tears are available in the form of eye drops, gels & ointment for night use.

Lubricants: The lubricating eye drops provide relief from the symptoms & are an important replacement for naturally produced tears. Artificial tears are now available in preservative-free formulations which are less toxic to the ocular surface and can be used more frequently and safely.

Immunomodulators: Cyclosporine, an anti-inflammatory medication has been shown to have clinical benefits in the treatment of dry eyes. It decreases the corneal damage and improves the quality of tears thereby reducing the symptoms of dry eye. Similarly, Chloroquine phosphate has also shown similar benefits. Both these medications are available as eye drops which need to be instilled twice a day along with the lubricant for 3-6 months to show beneficial effects. In some severe cases of dry eyes, short term use of corticosteroids eye drops that decrease inflammation is required.

Punctual Plug: These plugs are inserted into the punctum (drainage hole at the inner corner of the eyelids) and help by allowing the natural tears to remain longer in contact with the eye rather than draining out quickly through the punctum. This keeps the limited volume of tears on the eye for a longer time, thereby decreasing the symptoms of dry eye. These plugs are not felt. They are made up of silicone or collagen. They are available in temporary (reversible) or permanent forms.

Supplements: Some studies also show a beneficial effect of dietary supplements such as omega 3 fatty acids & Vitamin D in decreasing the symptoms of dry eyes. Treating eyelid conditions like inflammation or infection of the eyelid margin also benefit the individual.